Test levels are groups of test activities that are organized and managed together. Each test level is an instance of the test process, performed in relation to software at a given level of development, from individual units or components to complete systems or, where applicable, systems of systems. Test levels are related to other activities within the software development lifecycle.
- Component testing: searches for defects in and verifies the functioning of software components (e.g. modules, programs, objects, classes etc.) that are separately testable;
- Integration testing: tests interfaces between components, interactions to different parts of a system such as an operating system, file system and hard ware or interfaces between systems;
- System testing: concerned with the behavior of the whole system/product as defined by the scope of a development project or product. The main focus of system testing is verification against specified requirements;
- Acceptance testing: validation testing with respect to user needs, requirements, and business processes conducted to determine whether or not to accept the system.
Test levels are characterized by the following attributes:
- Specific objectives
- Test basis, referenced to derive test cases
- Test object (i.e., what is being tested)
- Typical defects and failures
- Specific approaches and responsibilities
For every test level, a suitable test environment is required. In acceptance testing, for example, a production-like test environment is ideal, while in component testing the developers typically use their own development environment.
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